May 24, 2025 by Neal Zott
Professional cleaners prioritize safe, effective, and eco-friendly products to protect health, surfaces, and the environment. Harmful chemicals like ammonia, bleach, and VOCs can cause health risks, including respiratory issues and long-term damage, especially for children, pets, and cleaning staff. Eco-friendly alternatives, such as plant-based solutions and certified green products, reduce these risks while meeting client expectations for sustainable practices.
Key Takeaways:
- Health Risks: Traditional products can cause irritation, asthma, and exposure to harmful VOCs.
- Eco-Friendly Solutions: Plant-based cleaners, like citric acid and baking soda, are safer for people and the planet.
- Certifications to Look For: EPA Safer Choice, Green Seal, and ECOLOGO ensure safety and environmental standards.
- Training Matters: Proper product use, PPE, and spill response are essential for safety and effectiveness.
Switching to safer cleaning supplies benefits everyone, from clients to staff, while enhancing trust and sustainability.
Safer Choice Cleaning Chemicals: Your Guide to Greener Cleaning
1. Safety Standards for Cleaning Products
Professional cleaners must adhere to federal regulations designed to safeguard workers, clients, and the environment. These rules ensure informed and safe practices across the industry.
1.1 Government Rules and Guidelines
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plays a key role in regulating cleaning products, with programs like the Safer Choice Program leading the way. This initiative promotes the use of environmentally conscious cleaning products by evaluating every ingredient for its effects on human health and the environment. Since April 2011, products with the Safer Choice label have been required to list all ingredients either on the packaging or through an easily accessible website [5].
In addition to the EPA’s efforts, other laws shape the industry. The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) authorizes the EPA to oversee the production, import, use, and disposal of chemicals [5]. Similarly, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) governs the registration and use of pesticides [5].
For cleaning companies, OSHA‘s Hazard Communication Standard is essential. It mandates that employers maintain Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for all hazardous cleaning products and provide employees with training on their safe use [6]. These measures are more than bureaucratic requirements – they can be lifesaving in emergencies.
In April 2024, the EPA and the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) made a significant announcement: all cleaning products supplied through new custodial service contracts overseen by GSA must meet ecolabel certifications, such as the EPA’s Safer Choice label, which excludes PFAS [5]. This step highlights the government’s commitment to eliminating harmful chemicals from professional cleaning practices.
Next, understanding which specific chemicals to avoid is crucial for maintaining a safe work environment.
1.2 Harmful Chemicals to Avoid
Recognizing hazardous substances is a critical part of ensuring workplace safety. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are particularly concerning. Research has identified 530 unique VOCs emitted from 30 different cleaning products, with 193 of these classified as hazardous. These chemicals can harm the respiratory system and increase the risk of cancer [2].
Some common harmful chemicals include ammonia, bleach, chlorine, glycol ethers, and certain aerosols [4]. VOC exposure can lead to immediate symptoms like eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, and nausea. Long-term effects may include reproductive toxicity, nervous system damage, and even cancer [2].
Mixing bleach with acid- or ammonia-based products is especially dangerous, as it can produce toxic gases [7].
Certain groups are more vulnerable to VOC exposure, such as individuals with pre-existing health conditions, children, the elderly, pregnant women, and those working in high-exposure fields like professional cleaning [2].
Alexis Temkin, PhD, a senior toxicologist at EWG, emphasizes the importance of product choice:
"These findings suggest ways that people can reduce their VOC exposure from cleaning products, by using certified green products, especially those without fragrance" [2]
Beyond protecting health, using the right cleaning products for specific surfaces is essential to avoid damage.
1.3 Protecting Different Surface Types
Safe cleaning isn’t just about health – it’s also about preserving property. Using the wrong product can lead to scratches, stains, or even structural damage [8]. For example, a cleaner that works well on glass could ruin hardwood, and a product safe for tile might permanently damage natural stone.
Professional cleaners must carefully match products to surfaces. Abrasive cleaners should never be used on delicate materials like glass [8]. Similarly, stainless steel and hardwood require specialized formulations to prevent harm. A one-size-fits-all approach often results in costly mistakes [8][10].
Reading product labels is a critical first step. Always check labels to ensure compatibility with the surface you’re cleaning [9][10]. When in doubt, start with a gentle, all-purpose cleaner rather than a harsh chemical [10].
Modern Maids captures this balance well:
"When selecting cleaning supplies, safety should always come first. You want to make sure you choose non-toxic or environmentally friendly products that won’t endanger anyone in your home or workplace." [9]
Regulatory compliance adds another layer of responsibility. For instance, COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) requires businesses to document the cleaning products they use and assess their interactions with different materials and environments [8].
The environmental impact of cleaning products also matters. Choosing biodegradable, eco-friendly options helps protect both the surfaces being cleaned and the environment [8]. This approach not only meets regulatory demands but also aligns with growing client expectations for greener cleaning practices.
2. How to Check Ingredients for Safety and Performance
Professional cleaners need a clear strategy when evaluating cleaning products to ensure they are both safe and effective for use in clients’ homes. This involves understanding the role of each ingredient and its potential impact.
The Environmental Working Group (EWG) provides a valuable resource for this purpose. Their Guide to Healthy Cleaning helps professionals identify safer products and avoid potentially harmful chemicals [13]. Many cleaning experts rely on this tool to make informed product choices, laying the groundwork for a safer and more effective cleaning routine.
When examining ingredient lists, it’s crucial to look out for harmful substances. Be wary of Quats (often labeled as ‘Ammonium Chloride’), 1,4-Dioxane residues (hidden under terms like ‘oxynol’ or ‘eth’ derivatives), and phthalates, which are sometimes listed as ‘fragrance.’ Phthalates, in particular, are known to disrupt endocrine and reproductive systems [14].
The EWG highlights the importance of transparency in product labeling:
"EWG recommends that you choose products free of unnecessary, undisclosed ingredients such as fragrance and dye." [15]
Many cleaning products include antimicrobial pesticides as active ingredients to kill pathogens. However, these are generally unnecessary for routine cleaning and can introduce harmful chemicals into the environment. Instead, excellent results can often be achieved by focusing on mechanical cleaning techniques and safer ingredient choices [15].
2.1 Finding Safer Ingredient Options
Plant-based ingredients are a great alternative to harsh chemicals. For example, citric acid effectively breaks down mineral deposits and soap scum, while baking soda offers gentle abrasive power and neutralizes odors [11]. These simple ingredients provide strong cleaning performance without compromising safety.
Biobased solvents derived from sources like citrus, seeds, vegetables, and pine oils are another excellent option. These renewable resources often match or outperform petroleum-based solvents while posing fewer health and environmental risks [3]. When selecting eco-friendly products, look for those that are biodegradable and have low aquatic toxicity. Concentrated formulas are also a good choice as they reduce waste, but they must be handled carefully [3]. The EPA’s Safer Choice program is a reliable certification to identify products made with safer ingredients [3].
Once you’ve identified safer ingredients, it’s important to check their pH levels to ensure they’re effective and safe for the surfaces being cleaned.
2.2 Why pH Levels Matter
Understanding pH levels is key to protecting both surfaces and users. Products with balanced pH levels minimize the risk of chemical burns and prevent damage to delicate surfaces like natural stone or hardwood [3]. Most household surfaces respond best to cleaners with a neutral to slightly alkaline pH – typically between 7 and 10.
Extremely acidic cleaners (below pH 3) can etch marble and damage grout, while highly alkaline ones (above pH 12) may strip protective finishes and irritate skin or eyes. Testing new products with pH strips ensures compatibility with specific surfaces. For everyday cleaning, products with a pH between 8 and 9 often strike the right balance between safety and effectiveness.
For example, NLZ Cleaning Services of Long Island is known for using supplies that meet strict pH standards, ensuring both safety and quality results.
2.3 Unscented and Allergy-Safe Products
Fragrance-free products are increasingly important, especially in homes with children or individuals who have allergies [12]. Synthetic fragrances can release VOCs, triggering respiratory problems, headaches, or allergic reactions. Hypoallergenic products avoid common irritants like synthetic fragrances, bleach, SLS, formaldehyde, and phosphates, making them gentler and safer [12].
Keeping a range of fragrance-free options on hand is essential for clients with chemical sensitivities or respiratory conditions. Many eco-friendly, hypoallergenic products clean effectively using biodegradable ingredients [12]. When introducing a new unscented product, it’s wise to test it in a small area, wear gloves, and ensure good ventilation to reduce exposure [15]. This careful approach safeguards both cleaning staff and clients.
As more homeowners seek chemical-free environments, requests for fragrance-free cleaning have become common. These products help maintain better indoor air quality while reducing unnecessary chemical exposure.
3. Third-Party Certifications That Verify Safety
Third-party certifications make it easier to choose cleaning products that prioritize safety. These independent organizations test products to ensure they meet strict health and environmental standards, giving professional cleaners confidence in their selections [16]. Certification logos on packaging provide a quick and reliable way to confirm that a product is both safe and effective [16].
When considering certifications, it’s important to focus on programs that are unbiased and transparent. Certifications with clearly published criteria ensure that products meet essential safety and performance standards [17]. This transparency guarantees that the certification process is thorough and meaningful.
Here’s a quick look at some of the most trusted certifications and the types of products they cover:
| Certification | Products It Certifies | Additional Information |
|---|---|---|
| EPA Safer Choice | Cleaning Products • Ready-to-Use • Concentrate | This EPA program certifies products that perform as well as traditional cleaners but are safer for health and the environment [17]. |
| EPA Design for the Environment (DfE) | EPA-registered disinfectants • Ready-to-Use (liquids and wipes) • Concentrates | DfE products meet Safer Choice criteria and use only approved active ingredients like citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and ethanol [17]. |
| Green Seal | Cleaning Products • Concentrates | A nonprofit organization that certifies products based on safety and environmental criteria [17]. |
| UL ECOLOGO | Cleaning Products and Disinfecting Products • Concentrates (or RTU if concentrate form is available) | This certification assesses a product’s environmental impact across its lifecycle [17]. |
These certifications set the standard for safety and environmental responsibility in the cleaning industry.
3.1 Green Seal and EPA Safer Choice Programs
Green Seal and EPA Safer Choice are two of the most respected certification programs available. They help buyers identify safer, environmentally friendly products through rigorous testing and evaluation [18].
Green Seal has certified over 33,000 products [20]. Its standards focus on minimizing health and environmental risks throughout a product’s lifecycle, covering areas like toxicity, climate impact, and waste reduction [20]. The program also ensures that certified products perform as well as conventional alternatives [20].
Daniel McGurran, Vice President of 3M’s US & Canada Commercial Solutions Division, highlights the value of Green Seal:
"We partner with Green Seal because it’s a name our customers know and trust. When our customers see a Green Seal certified product, they know it delivers an environmental benefit that has been thoroughly investigated and proven."
Similarly, the EPA Safer Choice program has certified over 2,000 products [19]. This program evaluates the ingredients in cleaning products, focusing on their environmental and health impacts while ensuring they remain effective [21]. Its ingredient-focused approach helps consumers choose safer products without compromising performance.
Heidi Raatikainen, Scientist at Seventh Generation, explains the advantages of Safer Choice certification:
"The Safer Choice program allows for us to validate, through a reputable third-party, that we are telling the truth when we say that we have strict standards for our ingredients, packaging, and product performance."
Jenna Arkin, Product Development Director at Earth Friendly Products, also emphasizes its importance:
"There are many certifications in the green space, but Safer Choice has helped us stand out because it has the support and credibility of the EPA – a government agency that consumers trust. Having a third-party verification of both safety and efficacy gives retailers and consumers alike the confidence that our products are vetted and tested to the most exacting standards."
These certifications provide the assurance professionals need, while also addressing consumer concerns about safety and sustainability.
3.2 ECOLOGO and Environmental Impact Reviews
ECOLOGO certification dives deep into a product’s environmental footprint by conducting comprehensive lifecycle assessments. This UL-run program evaluates materials, energy use, manufacturing processes, health impacts, and overall environmental effects [23]. By testing every stage of a product’s life, ECOLOGO ensures that certified products deliver real benefits for the environment.
For professional cleaning services, ECOLOGO certification offers practical benefits. Certified products often lead to better resource management and standardized processes, improving operational efficiency [22].
Consumer demand for certified products has grown significantly. A recent survey revealed that 90% of people are equally or more concerned about environmental issues after the COVID-19 pandemic [24]. Additionally, 38% of Americans said they would feel more comfortable if a facility displayed cleaning-related certifications [24].
Certified ecolabels not only confirm a product’s safety but also demonstrate a company’s commitment to health and environmental responsibility [19]. For cleaning professionals, using certified products enhances their reputation with eco-conscious clients and ensures compliance with industry regulations [16]. Look for certification logos prominently displayed on packaging – they’re a quick and reliable indicator that the product has been independently tested and meets established safety standards [19].
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4. Testing Products Before Using Them
Thorough product testing is a must when it comes to ensuring safety and effectiveness. Professional cleaning services never introduce a new product into a client’s home without first putting it through rigorous testing. This process not only protects surfaces and people but also ensures the product delivers on its promised performance. Real-world testing often uncovers how products behave in actual conditions, which can differ significantly from controlled laboratory environments [25].
"Suppliers ensure good hygiene performance firstly by thorough testing of products, before they are put on the market, in conditions that reflect the intended use, and secondly by the development of detailed use instructions, including staff training where necessary. Even the best performing product cannot guarantee results if it is not properly and appropriately used." – UKCPI [25]
This detailed approach instills confidence in product choices and ensures consistent, high-quality results.
4.1 Testing Products for Cleaning Power
Professional cleaners rely on both standard tests and tailored evaluations to gauge a product’s cleaning power. Industry-standard tests, such as ASTM D5343 and HCPA DCC-16, provide reliable benchmarks. For instance, ASTM D5343 evaluates cleaning power using a soil mix of 17 ingredients, while HCPA DCC-16 uses 14 [27]. Alkaline cleaners often excel in ASTM D5343 tests, while acidic cleaners perform better under HCPA DCC-16 conditions [27].
These standardized methods are widely used by companies to assess products during development, validate marketing claims, and even secure certifications like EPA Safer Choice and Green Seal [27]. Tests measure factors like stain removal, disinfection effectiveness, and overall cleaning power. Advanced tools, such as colorimeters or gloss meters, are sometimes used to precisely measure how much soil is removed [26][27].
Environmental factors are also taken into account. Standardized tests simulate real-life conditions by controlling variables like temperature or humidity [25]. When these tests don’t fully address specific needs, professionals create custom evaluations with clear guidelines to ensure proper use and highlight any limitations [25].
While standardized tests provide measurable benchmarks, real-world testing ensures that products perform well across a variety of surfaces and conditions.
4.2 Testing Products in Actual Homes
Laboratory results don’t always reflect how products will perform in everyday situations. Testing products in real-world settings reveals how they handle variables like humidity, airflow, and the types of dirt commonly found in homes [26]. For example, a cleaning company found that a formula optimized for Utah soils outperformed its predecessor when tested on North Carolina’s red clay soils [29].
When testing products in homes, professional cleaners follow strict protocols. This starts with reading labels and instructions carefully and training staff on proper dilution, application techniques, and safety measures [28]. Testing typically begins on small, hidden areas to ensure compatibility with surfaces. The right tools – such as soft cloths for delicate surfaces or inconspicuous spots for abrasive materials – are used to minimize the risk of damage [28].
Protective gear like gloves, goggles, and masks are worn to ensure safety, and surfaces are rinsed thoroughly between applications to prevent chemical reactions [28]. Given that people spend roughly 90% of their time indoors [31], this meticulous testing process also helps maintain indoor air quality and surface safety. In some cases, cleaners even measure personal exposure to cleaning agents during testing to validate hygiene practices further [25][30].
5. Training Staff to Use Products Safely
Even the safest cleaning products can become hazardous if used improperly. That’s why staff training plays a key role in maintaining high safety standards. Practical instruction, regular updates, and consistent reinforcement ensure team members handle cleaning supplies responsibly. From essential equipment to proper mixing techniques and spill response strategies, training is the backbone of safe cleaning practices.
5.1 Required Safety Equipment
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is the first layer of protection against chemical exposure, biological hazards, and physical injuries during cleaning tasks. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), employers must provide PPE when other safety measures aren’t enough to protect workers [32].
Key PPE items include nitrile gloves, safety glasses or face shields, masks or respirators, aprons or coveralls, and slip-resistant shoes. Staff should inspect PPE before each use and replace any worn or damaged items. Proper maintenance and disposal of PPE are critical to avoid accidental chemical exposure or contamination [33].
Training should stress the importance of using PPE correctly, keeping it in good condition, and following disposal protocols.
5.2 Correct Mixing and Application Methods
With PPE in place, the next step is mastering the proper techniques for mixing and applying cleaning chemicals. Many accidents happen during the mixing process, making this a vital part of staff training. Workers need to know how to handle, store, and dilute cleaning products safely [34][37].
A key rule to remember: always add water to the container first, then the chemical [35]. This prevents dangerous splashes or reactions. Employees should also be trained on which products require dilution and the exact ratios for various tasks.
Simplifying cleaning protocols can also enhance safety. For example, one hospital improved compliance and reduced confusion by streamlining its product list, which also led to cost savings.
"This isn’t just about cleaning – it’s about empowering people to make a difference in patients’ lives while keeping processes efficient and safe." – Darren Goff, executive director of hospitality services, Cameron Memorial Community Hospital [38]
Proper labeling is another cornerstone of safe practices. Every bottle or container must have clear, up-to-date labels with contents and safety warnings. If the contents change, the old label must be completely removed to avoid mistakes [36].
Training sessions should be delivered in a way that all employees can understand, whether that means using multiple languages or visual aids. Regular refresher courses help reinforce these practices and accommodate new products or procedures [37].
5.3 Handling Accidents and Spills
Despite precautions, spills and accidents can still occur. That’s why training must include immediate spill response, first-aid measures, and reporting protocols. For instance, the University of Rochester Medical Center provides detailed spill response guidelines that cover assessing hazards, using appropriate PPE, containing spills, and cleaning up with absorbent materials and neutralizers.
"High-level disinfectant (HLD) spills must be contained and cleaned up immediately after accidental release because they can cause a rapid increase of hazardous vapors." – Environmental Health & Safety, University of Rochester Medical Center [39]
Effective spill response involves several steps: assess the situation, alert others, put on protective equipment, contain the spill, and clean up safely. Staff should identify the chemical involved and consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific hazard information [40]. If the spill is dangerous, evacuating the area takes priority.
When containing a spill, absorbent materials like pads or granules should be used, starting at the outer edges and working inward [40]. For reactive chemicals, the correct neutralizing agent is essential, and proper ventilation is critical when dealing with flammable or toxic substances [40].
After cleanup, it’s important to report the incident to supervisors and dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations [40]. A post-incident review can help identify what went wrong and how to prevent similar situations in the future.
"Always remember, your safety comes first. Do not put yourself or others at risk of serious injury." – Emergency Management, Georgia Southern University [41]
Hands-on practice with spill response procedures is an essential part of training. Regular drills not only prepare staff for emergencies but also build confidence in their ability to handle real-life situations safely and effectively.
Conclusion: Safe Products Lead to Better Results
Choosing cleaning supplies that prioritize safety does more than just meet regulations – it safeguards customers, staff, and the environment. Professional cleaners who emphasize safety create healthier spaces and build trust with clients through transparency and reliability. This approach naturally leads to better cleaning outcomes.
Safe cleaning products not only protect health but also deliver outstanding results. For example, high-quality, non-toxic formulations can eliminate 98% of bacteria and 93% of viruses [42]. Plus, they help maintain the integrity of surfaces by avoiding harsh chemicals that can cause fading or material damage [43].
Additionally, eco-friendly cleaning products contribute to reducing water and air pollution. Many of these products include biodegradable ingredients and come in recyclable packaging [1]. This environmentally conscious approach appeals to clients who value sustainability and can even attract a broader customer base [43].
Take NLZ Cleaning Services of Long Island, for instance. They exemplify this commitment by using their own carefully selected cleaning supplies for every job. They also accommodate specific product requests and uphold strict quality standards by employing vetted cleaners who are rated and reviewed after each task. This ensures consistent results while prioritizing the safety of both customers and staff.
Investing in safer cleaning products offers long-term advantages, from improved indoor air quality and reduced liability to greater customer satisfaction and a positive impact on the environment. By making safety the foundation of cleaning practices, businesses can achieve superior results while fostering trust and sustainability.
FAQs
What are the advantages of using eco-friendly cleaning products instead of traditional ones?
Eco-friendly cleaning products bring a host of advantages compared to traditional cleaning supplies. For starters, they’re often made with natural, biodegradable ingredients, making them a safer choice for both your health and the environment. Unlike conventional cleaners packed with harsh chemicals like bleach or ammonia, these options help reduce exposure to toxins that can lead to respiratory problems, skin irritation, and other health issues.
They also have the added benefit of improving indoor air quality. By steering clear of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are notorious for causing headaches and other discomforts, eco-friendly cleaners create a more comfortable living space. Plus, many of these products are packaged sustainably, cutting down on waste and supporting efforts to protect the planet. Choosing eco-friendly cleaning supplies isn’t just about keeping your home clean – it’s about making a healthier, greener choice for you and the world around you.
How do professional cleaners choose safe and eco-friendly cleaning products?
Professional cleaners make safety and eco-consciousness a priority by choosing products with reputable certifications. For instance, the EPA Safer Choice label signals that a product meets rigorous safety and performance criteria, ensuring it’s better for both people and the planet. Similarly, certifications like UL ECOLOGO and Green Seal confirm that products are free from harmful ingredients and align with strict environmental and health standards.
By opting for certified products, cleaners not only deliver effective and safe results but also demonstrate their commitment to environmentally responsible practices – giving customers confidence in their services while upholding top-notch quality.
What should I do if a cleaning product spills during use?
If a cleaning product spills, quick action is crucial to reduce any risks. Start by alerting those nearby to keep everyone safe and avoid accidental exposure. Next, put on protective gear – gloves, masks, or whatever is necessary – to protect yourself from direct contact with the substance. If possible, stop the spill at its source to prevent it from spreading.
Then, grab absorbent materials like paper towels, rags, or other suitable items to soak up and contain the spill. Once the area is under control, clean it thoroughly with the right cleaning supplies, ensuring no residue is left behind. Finally, report the incident and notify the appropriate people, particularly if hazardous chemicals are involved. Always stick to the specific safety instructions provided for the product to handle spills properly and safely.